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How to survive the information apocalypse

Martin Gurri, author of The Revolt of the Public and one of the most interesting thinkers on how the Internet has reinvented the information landscape, has a new monthly column at Discourse magazine.

For a concise briefing on Gurri’s thesis, see here.

Martin Gurri, author of The Revolt of the Public and one of the most interesting thinkers on how the Internet has reinvented the information landscape, has a new monthly column at Discourse magazine.

For a concise briefing on Gurri’s thesis, see here.

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Friday Cocktail: Air Mail

Sip: on an Air Mail

Weekend reading:

Listen: Abba releases a new (old) song, Just A Notion

“Just a notion

That you’ll bе walking up to me

In a while and you’ll smile

And say hеllo and we’ll be dancing through the night

Knowing everything from thereon must be right.”

Sip: on an Air Mail

Weekend reading:

Listen: Abba releases a new (old) song, Just A Notion

“Just a notion

That you’ll bе walking up to me

In a while and you’ll smile

And say hеllo and we’ll be dancing through the night

Knowing everything from thereon must be right.”

Read More
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It’s in the air (somebody open a window)

One of the important side-discoveries of the pandemic is how wrong we have been on the airborne spread of infectious disease. For years, the consensus has identified the main threat as large droplets expelled over short distances in sudden bursts: “coughs and sneezes spread diseases”. This was in part a reaction against the errors of miasma theory, which once blamed “bad air” for cholera – until it turned out to be water-borne.

This was the logic behind social distancing for Covid: stand back a couple of metres and you can avoid large droplets spread over short distances by an infected friend coughing. It turns out, however, that fine aerosols of smaller droplets, carried simply on the breath, can travel further, hang in the air longer and are much more important as a factor in infectious spread.

Now there’s new evidence that our whole strategy for containing TB is also flawed by the same error.

Breathing is enough to spread the bacteria that causes tuberculosis, research presented at a major conference on Tuesday shows, potentially forcing the medical community to rethink decades of containment strategy focusing on coughing alone.

Using state-of-the-art equipment, at team at the University of Cape Town in South Africa measured the disease-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in 39 people with TB.

They looked at aerosols released during regular breathing, deep breathing and coughing and found that after five minutes all three produced particles containing the dangerous bacteria.

And while coughing produced three times more Mtb than breathing, the research notes that because people breathe all day long, simply exhaling may contribute more than 90 percent of airborne Mtb.

Time for us to rethink ventilation across all our infrastructure. Some countries have already started.

One of the important side-discoveries of the pandemic is how wrong we have been on the airborne spread of infectious disease. For years, the consensus has identified the main threat as large droplets expelled over short distances in sudden bursts: “coughs and sneezes spread diseases”. This was in part a reaction against the errors of miasma theory, which once blamed “bad air” for cholera – until it turned out to be water-borne.

This was the logic behind social distancing for Covid: stand back a couple of metres and you can avoid large droplets spread over short distances by an infected friend coughing. It turns out, however, that fine aerosols of smaller droplets, carried simply on the breath, can travel further, hang in the air longer and are much more important as a factor in infectious spread.

Now there’s new evidence that our whole strategy for containing TB is also flawed by the same error.

Breathing is enough to spread the bacteria that causes tuberculosis, research presented at a major conference on Tuesday shows, potentially forcing the medical community to rethink decades of containment strategy focusing on coughing alone.

Using state-of-the-art equipment, at team at the University of Cape Town in South Africa measured the disease-causing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in 39 people with TB.

They looked at aerosols released during regular breathing, deep breathing and coughing and found that after five minutes all three produced particles containing the dangerous bacteria.

And while coughing produced three times more Mtb than breathing, the research notes that because people breathe all day long, simply exhaling may contribute more than 90 percent of airborne Mtb.

Time for us to rethink ventilation across all our infrastructure. Some countries have already started.

Read More
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A wonderful, magical animal

Genetically-engineered pig kidneys move a big step closer to being ready for living-saving transplantation into humans.

Researchers have long sought to grow organs in pigs suitable for transplantation into humans. A steady stream of organs — which could eventually include hearts, lungs and livers — would offer a lifeline to the more than 100,000 Americans currently on transplant waiting lists, including the 90,240 who need a kidney. Twelve people on the waiting lists die each day.

An even larger number of Americans with kidney failure — more than a half million — depend on grueling dialysis treatments to survive. In large part because of the scarcity of human organs, the vast majority of dialysis patients do not qualify for transplants, which are reserved for those most likely to thrive after the procedure.

That’ll do, pig.

Researchers have long sought to grow organs in pigs suitable for transplantation into humans. A steady stream of organs — which could eventually include hearts, lungs and livers — would offer a lifeline to the more than 100,000 Americans currently on transplant waiting lists, including the 90,240 who need a kidney. Twelve people on the waiting lists die each day.

An even larger number of Americans with kidney failure — more than a half million — depend on grueling dialysis treatments to survive. In large part because of the scarcity of human organs, the vast majority of dialysis patients do not qualify for transplants, which are reserved for those most likely to thrive after the procedure.

That’ll do, pig.

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How to write like Paul McCartney

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Can brainwaves remake psychiatry?

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Friday cocktail: Last Word

Sip: on a Last Word

Weekend reading:

Listen: Paul McCartney sings The End of The End.

“On the day that I die I'd like jokes to be told

And stories of old to be rolled out like carpets

That children have played on

And laid on while listening to stories of old…”

Sip: on a Last Word

Weekend reading:

Listen: Paul McCartney sings The End of The End.

“On the day that I die I'd like jokes to be told

And stories of old to be rolled out like carpets

That children have played on

And laid on while listening to stories of old…”

Read More
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How to beat the work queue

If customers take on average 10 minutes to serve and arrive randomly at a rate of 5.8 per hour, then with one bank teller working, expected wait is 5 hours. With two tellers, 3 minutes.

A fascinating Twitter thread that starts with this arrestingly counter-intuitive fact about queuing, before expanding it to consider how freelancers can manage their productivity.

TLDR: With irregular workloads, you need a lot of slack in the system to avoid huge backlogs.

But read the whole thread.

If customers take on average 10 minutes to serve and arrive randomly at a rate of 5.8 per hour, then with one bank teller working, expected wait is 5 hours. With two tellers, 3 minutes.

A fascinating Twitter thread that starts with this arrestingly counter-intuitive fact about queuing, before expanding it to consider how freelancers can manage their productivity.

TLDR: With irregular workloads, you need a lot of slack in the system to avoid huge backlogs.

But read the whole thread.

Read More
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Great Books and Good Company

The Catherine Project has a website. It’s a terrific new project that aims to make reading the great books in like-minded groups more accessible, and the brainchild of Zena Hitz, author of Lost in Thought: The Hidden Pleasures of an Intellectual Life. The seed money comes from Tyler Cowen’s Emergent Ventures fund, from which I received a grant in 2020. If you’re interested in the great books, you might enjoy my history of liberal education, The School of Freedom.

The Catherine Project has a website. It’s a terrific new project that aims to make reading the great books in like-minded groups more accessible, and the brainchild of Zena Hitz, author of Lost in Thought: The Hidden Pleasures of an Intellectual Life. The seed money comes from Tyler Cowen’s Emergent Ventures fund, from which I received a grant in 2020. If you’re interested in the great books, you might enjoy my history of liberal education, The School of Freedom.

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Can fusion keep the lights on?

Terrific piece from the New Yorker on the latest prospects for fusion power: a solution at the scale of our energy problems.

Let’s say that you’ve devoted your entire adult life to developing a carbon-free way to power a household for a year on the fuel of a single glass of water, and that you’ve had moments, even years, when you were pretty sure you would succeed. Let’s say also that you’re not crazy. This is a reasonable description of many of the physicists working in the field of nuclear fusion.

Read the whole thing.

Terrific piece from the New Yorker on the latest prospects for fusion power: a solution at the scale of our energy problems.

Let’s say that you’ve devoted your entire adult life to developing a carbon-free way to power a household for a year on the fuel of a single glass of water, and that you’ve had moments, even years, when you were pretty sure you would succeed. Let’s say also that you’re not crazy. This is a reasonable description of many of the physicists working in the field of nuclear fusion.

Read the whole thing.

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High-speed follies

A very interesting Twitter thread talking, in part, about the Chinese experience of high-speed rail and how it has sucked talent out of regions rather than helping them thrive. Sobering reading for the UK planners hoping to level up the north by building the HS2 line.

A very interesting Twitter thread talking, in part, about the Chinese experience of high-speed rail and how it has sucked talent out of regions rather than helping them thrive. Sobering reading for the UK planners hoping to level up the north by building the HS2 line.

Read More